Oil and gas equipment custom solutions for energy storage, processing and transportation. In an effort to develop the alternative fuels market, the energy independence and security act of 2007 eisa requires 36 billion gallons of renewable fuel be blended into domestic transportation fuels each year by 2022. Renewable energy technologies turn these fuels into usable forms of energymost often elec tricity, but also heat, chemicals, or mechanical power. Oregon imports all of its petroleum, which leaves the state vulnerable to changes in pricing and disruptions in the event of a natural disaster or. Selected resources in alternative fuels compiled by laura l. Therefore, an increase of the conversion efficiency of rtgs is a current engineering requirement and challenge, whether they are operated with pu238, or any other. Several emerging alternative fuels are under development or already developed and may be available in the united states. Sustainable energy is the practice of using energy in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. A ratio of estimates of the long term benefits and costs from an. Alternative energy is a term used to refer to any energy source other than fossil fuels. Alternative fuels are derived from resources other than petroleum.
Doego1020011142 august 2001 advanced technology and. This study updates and supplements a previous 2001 north american study, conducted by gm and others general motors gm et al. Mpg based on petroleum only mpg based on petroleum only dual and ffvs assumed to use 50% af energy policy act 1992. Meeting the worlds needs for electricity, heating, cooling, and power for transport in a sustainable way is widely considered to be one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Unlike other forms of natural gas, hydrogen is a completely clean burning fuel. These predicaments have in turn compelled governments to impose regulations on emission levels and seek alternative fuel options. Energy resources, such as petroleum, natural gas ng, coal, and biomass, as well as the energy carrier, electricity, are considered as feedstocks to produce various transportation fuels, including gasoline, diesel fuel, hydrogen h2, ethanol etoh, compressed natural gas cng, methanol meoh, and fischertropsch ft diesel. Energy conservation, less new energy needed for future economic growth. Current rtg systems in use, called the multimission radioisotope thermoelectric generators mmrtg, convert only around 8 percent of the heat energy released to electricity.
The share of res in the gross final energy consumption was 23. Building on years of leadership, weve steadily grown and diversified. Some are produced domestically, reducing our dependence on imported oil, and some are derived from renewable sources. Our technologies were also developed for using these energy sources. Production of fresh water using repowered desalination systems can be a sustainable solution to the water scarcity in remote areas where the access to the fossil fuels and the public electric. Mar 09, 2009 alternative energy systems and applications book. Ron ishii, of alternative energy systems consulting, inc. Under the mandate, 15 billion gallons of renewable fuel may come from corn ethanol but the remainder must come from advanced biofuels, such as ethanol made from cellulosic sources. Fossil fuels introduction fossil fuels have played a cri. Some activists believe that government agencies and powerful lobbyists.
Overview of alternative and renewable energy sources. Approved for use in cars 2001 and newer, but adoption is overt energy density is less than gasoline, but price per gallon gasoline equivalent is increasingly competitive with gasoline. The use of energy is a factor in all our lives, and that is why it is important for us teachers to have our students learn about the energy we use now and the new forms of energy that are becoming available. The share of res in total primary energy consumption was of 22. Alternative fuels research and deployment department of energy. The major issue with this form of alternative energy is that it is mostly derived from the use of natural gas and fossil fuels. This energy is also available in the form of biodegradable waste, which is the rejected component of available biomass 7. Alternative energy systems and applications, 2nd edition. Alternative fuels and energy systems anna university. Renewable energy uses energy sources that are continually replenished by naturethe sun, the wind, water, the earths heat, and plants. Alternative energy systems and applications pdf make.
To that end it provides technical discussions, along with numerous realworld examples of virtually all existing alternative. To that end it provides technical discussions, along with numerous realworld examples of virtually all existing alternative energy sources, applications. The energy systems in our buildings and building districts form a tight network of several energy sources, such as renewables and fossil fuels, and energy flows, such as electricity and heat. Increased usage of these fossil fuels has led to the growth of greenhouse gases and the u.
Distinguished from non commercial energy comprising fuelwood, agricultural wastes and animal dung collected usually by the user. Other figures in terms of number of vehicles produced include 17. The alternative fuels program is working hard to promote the use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles in new york city but its main challenge is to develop refueling sites for alternative fuels. These fuels may increase energy security, reduce emissions, improve vehicle performance, and stimulate the u. High efficiency and low emissions from a portinjected engine with neat alcohol fuels pdf. Biomass fuel, fossil fuels, clean energy, solar power. The growing demand for energy was largely met by the fossil fuels coal and petroleum. An ongoing debate exists over what forms of alternative energy are the safest, most costefficient, and most practical to replace andor subsidize fossil fuels. The bulk of human activities from survival to economy rely on the use of energy. Alternative energy refers to energy sources other than fossil fuels. Prior to the start of the industrial age 200 to 300 years ago we met the vast majority of our energy needs with renewable energy resources such as wood for heat, watermills for grinding crops or wind to propel sailing vessels.
Experimentation to identify new fuels is a perpetual process. Alternative fuels used in transportation for the teacher. Biomass energy refers to fuels made from plants and animal wastes. A fuel cell is an alternative energy device, but it is not necessarily a renewable energy device. State of the art on alternative fuels transport systems in. Tr anspor tation, petroleum use, and alter natives guest lecture. Alternative sources of energy an introduction to fuel cells. Pdf an introduction to the renewable energy resources. Nuclear is not classified as a renewable energy source. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device, like a battery in that it converts the energy from a chemical reaction directly into electricity and heat. Dan sperling november, 2012 fall quarter 2012 energy and environmental aspects of transportation civil and environmental engineering eci 163 environmental science and policy esp 163. Still slightly more expensive than producing energy by fossil fuels. Often, they produce less pollution than gasoline or diesel.
The students know that earth consists of useful resources and its surface is constantly changing. National renewable energy laboratory project draft final report for the period august 1, 2012, through march 31, 2014, data collection, testing and analysis of hybrid electric trucks and buses operating in california fleets. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Part of this work was done by mc power corpora applications software published by the electric power research institute states. The idea of alternative fuels has been around about as long as there been vehicles. Renewable energy from these three sources alone, totaling 35,000 mw, will roughly. Increasing the fuels available to drivers reduces price volatility, supports domestic industries, and increases environmental sustainability. We have deep roots in the oil, gas and chemical industries. Merewether abstract fuel cells are important future sources of electrical power and could contribute to a reduction in the amount of petro leum imported by the united states. Mcnutt and rogers 2004 summarized the ob t l f d b lt ti f lbstacles faced by alternative fuels. Alternative energy production took another small progressive step recently when the first commercial cellulosic ethanol plant made environmentalists in chile win victory over dam builders confronting a difficult decision, the chilean government recently opted to cancel a longstanding plan to build five dams in the country. These have proven to be very hard to site and costly to deploy.
It is realistic to expect that 20,000 mw of wind energy, 11,000 mw of solar energy and 4,000 mw of geothermal energy are achievable goals for california before 2020. Khaled alghunaim nasc professor gartner november 16, 2015 hydrogen as an alternative source of energy the contemporary industrial sector has been built on the capacity created by energy. State of the art on alternative fuels transport systems july 2015 7 2 current eu transport fuel supply and projections eu transport was responsible for 32% of final energy consumption 352 mtoe in 20121 figure 21. On the basis of october 20 data, there are approximately 34 million flexible fuel vehicles and the sale of hybrid electric vehicles numbered more than 9 million september 2014 data. Odoe provides technical expertise for statewide fuel programs and participates in strategic planning for the adoption of alternative fuel programs. Hydrogen and its effects on the environment essay 27 words 6 pages.
But these fuels were formed over millions of years ago and there are only limited reserves. However, it is unclear if these targets will be reached. Environmental damage fossil fuel emissions from vehicles damage the environment and contribute to air pollution. What is alternative energy alternative energy is any energy source that is an alternative to fossil fuel the term alternative presupposes a set of undesirable energy technologies against which alternative energies are contrasted. Alternative energy is a term used to refer to any source of energy that is not derived from fossil fuels. In the 1880s, henry ford built one of his first automobiles to run on ethanol. There are important and perhaps unresolved technical problems associated with using fuel cells to power vehicles. Renewable energy technologies turn these fuels into usable forms of energymost often electricity, but also heat, chemicals, or mechanical power.
Alternative energy systems and applications, 2nd edition wiley. The usage of fossil fuel is releasing a huge amount of carbon dioxide into the environment, and with the huge amount of consumption there will be a huge amount of. As of 2019 fossil fuels still supply over 80% of world energy consumption and, although energy consumption per person is expected to peak in the 2020s, the use of sustainable energy is not increasing fast enough to meet the 2 degree goal of the paris agreement. S transportation sector introduces concepts of stabilization wedges to reduce the carbon dioxide emission. Vto supports efforts to help consumers to learn more about alternative fuels including biofuels like ethanol and natural gas, as well as research and development to increase their availability and usage. Sep 22, 2014 ron ishii, of alternative energy systems consulting, inc. It is only renewable if the source of the fuel used is renewable. Alternative fuels and data center lists 26 federal and 543 state laws, regulations and26 federal and 543 state laws, regulations and incentives for alternative fuels. The alternative fuels in use today include ethanol, biodiesel, methanol, natural gas, propane, electricity, and hydrogen. The chapter starts with a presentation of solar, tidal, and geothermal energy sources, followed by a presentation of the energy and environmental properties of renewable and nonrenewable fuels. The use of renewable and alternative energy sources. Jan 24, 2015 alternative fuels for automobiles are currently a topic of growing interest and importance. The fossil fuels are nonrenewable sources of energy, so we need to conserve them.
In doing this, they help us make our existing energy supplies last longer and give us more time before we run out of stored fossil and atomic fuels. Its where we began in 1984 as a specialized provider of aboveground storage tanks. Nonrenewable energy sources are diminishing everyday, and it. The chapter ends with descriptions of technologies that are used for onsite, nearby, and distant production of electricity. Hydrogen as an alternative fuel essay 1003 words bartleby. The alternative fuels that are being actively explored by the department of energy include. Oregon imports all of its petroleum, which leaves the state vulnerable to changes in pricing and disruptions in the event of a. Alternative energy systems and applications pdf make your. Alternative fuels and energy systems anna university question.
A 20% power from renewable resources by 2020, 50% by 2050 and 100% by 2100 is a good energy transition initiative. Alternative fuels research clean automotive technology. Your browser will redirect to your requested content shortly. The energy independence and security act of 2007 requires that, by 2022, u. Alternative fuels seminar report pdf ppt download this upsurge in vehicle population has payed the foundation for several economical and environmental concerns. Presently the fastest growing source of energy globally may double within 10 years still a small portion of our energy production mix 12 percent. Alternative fuels seminar reportpdfppt download this upsurge in vehicle population has payed the foundation for several economical and environmental concerns. The comprehensive guide to engineering alternative and renewable energy systems and applicationsupdated for the latest trends and technologies this book was designed tohelp engineers develop new solutions for the current energy economy. Alternative fuels not only burn cleaner producing lower emissionsbut some are even renewable, unlike fossil fuels, which means we could develop a continuous supply of them. Steel processing processed over 7 million tons of steel in 2016.
Lack of refueling infrastructure lack of vehicles engineered to operate on the fuel high cost difficulty breaking into an established market perceived or real issues of safety and reliability lack of driving range mcnutt, b. C identify and classify earths renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals. Alternative sour ces of energy an introduction to fuel cells by e. In this paper, we discuss alternative technologies for enhancing renewable. Once produced, hydrogen gas cells emit only water vapor and warm air when in use.
50 1307 1212 259 3 813 11 790 1582 905 860 40 1003 402 225 856 338 994 821 626 904 983 652 276 746 879 255 1312 685 1292 102 179 895 1317 533 1377